At what point did machines and technology begin to have an impact on the cultural consciousness and imagination of Europe? How was this reflected through the art and literature of the time? Was technology a sign of the fall of humanity from its original state of innocence or a sign of human progress and mastery over the natural world? In his characteristically lucid and captivating style Jonathan Sawday investigates these questions and more by engaging with the poetry philosophy art and engineering of the period to find the lost world of the machine in the pre-industrial culture of the European Renaissance. The aesthetic and intellectual dimension of these machines appealed to familiar figures such as Shakespeare Francis Bacon Montaigne and Leonardo da Vinci as well as to a host of lesser known writers and artists in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. This intellectual engagement with machines in the European Renaissance gave rise to new attitudes towards gender work and labour and even fostered the new sciences of artificial life and reason which would be pursued by figures such as Descartes Hobbes and Leibniz in the seventeenth century. Writers philosophers and artists had mixed and often conflicting reactions to technology reflecting a paradoxical attitude between modern progress and traditional values. Underpinning the enthusiastic creation of a machine-driven world then were stories of loss and catastrophe. These contradictory attitudes are part of the legacy of the European Renaissance just as much as the plays of Shakespeare or the poetry of John Milton. And this historical legacy helps to explain many of our own attitudes towards the technology that surrounds us sustains us and sometimes perplexes us in the modern world. . Language: English