Environmental Infrastructure in African History offers a new approach for analyzing and narrating environmental change. Environmental change conventionally is understood as occurring in a linear fashion moving from a state of more nature to a state of less nature and more culture. In this model non-Western and pre-modern societies live off natural resources whereas more modern societies rely on artifact or nature that is transformed and domesticated through science and technology into culture. In contrast Emmanuel Kreike argues that both non-Western and pre-modern societies inhabit a dynamic middle ground between nature and culture. He asserts that humans - in collaboration with plants animals and other animate and inanimate forces - create environmental infrastructure that constantly is remade and re-imagined in the face of ongoing processes of change. Language: English